The Fitnah (6 CDs)

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What was the Fitnah? 

The Fitna refers to The First Islamic Civil War that happened between 656  and 661 AD, and is also called the First Fitna or "The Fitna of the killing of Uthman". It was the first major civil war within the Islamic Caliphate. A number of disputes followed between Ali bin Abi Talib (the fourth Caliph) and Muawiyyah, who eventually became the first ruler of the Umayyad Dynasty. The dispute between the notable personalities of Islam poisoned the unity of the Muslims and set into motion long-term trends one of which was the division of Islam into Shi'a and Sunni sects.

To the Shia, Ali ibn Abi Talib was the first Imam. To Sunnis, Ali ibn Abi Talib was the fourth Rashidun Caliph, and Muawiyah the first Caliph of the Ummayyad dynasty.

This 6 CD set discusses a series of events that plagued the Islamic history during those times. It is a fascinating account of Islamic history during those turbulent times. Some of the events during the times are as follows:

About Uthman (The Third Caliph)

Uthman was born into the Umayyad tribe of Mecca, a powerful family of the Quraish tribe. He assumed as the third Caliph of the Muslim Empire following the second Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab. Under his leadership, the empire expanded into Faris (present-day Iran), some areas of Khorasan (present-day Afghanistan) and the conquest of Armenia was begun in the 640s.

Uthman is best known for forming the committee which produced multiple copies of the text of the Quran as it exists today. The reason was that various Muslim centers in Kufa and Damascus had begun to develop their own traditions for reciting the Quran and writing it down with stylistic differences.

Anti-Uthman sentiments and his Assassination

Due to various political issues (covered in the CDs), a lot Anti-Uthman sentiment developed and some started to plot to kill him. Some of the rebels went to his house to kill him. Finding the gate of Uthman's house strongly guarded by his supporters, the rebels climbed the back wall and sneaked inside, leaving the guards on the gate unaware of what was going on inside. The rebels entered his room and struck blows at his head.

The Battle of Siffin

Following the controversial murder of Uthman ibn Affan (third caliph of Islam), Ali had become Caliph but struggled to be accepted as such throughout the Muslim Empire. Muawiyah, the governor of Syria, was a kinsman of the murdered Caliph, and wanted the murderers brought to justice. He considered (mistakenly perhaps) that Ali was unwilling to do this, and so Muawiyah rebelled against Ali, who attempted to put down the rebellion. The result was the Battle of Siffin.

The events surrounding the battle are highly controversial between Sunni and Shia, and serve as part of the split between the two groups.

The Battle of Camel

The Battle of Camel (also known as the Battle of Jamal) was a battle that took place at Basra, Iraq in 656 between forces allied to Ali ibn Abi Talib (Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, and other Muslims.

Kharijites is a general term embracing various Muslims who, while initially supporting the authority of the final Rashidun Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib, the son-in-law and cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, later rejected his leadership. They first emerged in the late 7th century AD, concentrated in today's southern Iraq, and are distinct from Sunni Muslims and Shiʿa Muslims.

The 6 CD set provides in details the accounts of the FITNA and provides an excellent glimpse into the dark part of Islamic history that resulted in many infightings between Muslims.

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